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Evolution, Religion, and Education: A Workshop for Science Teachers

Registration Form

Recent efforts to introduce “intelligent design” in biology classes in the Dover school district have called attention to the relationship between science, religion, and public education. This workshop is designed to help high school science teachers, administrators, and clergy understand more fully the complex issues related to this controversy. Course faculty and participants will discuss questions such as these: What are the historical and cultural roots of this controversy? What points of view do Americans hold concerning the relationship between science and religion? What should science teachers know about this controversy, in order to be better teachers of their subjects and to understand their students better?

With financial support from the John Templeton Foundation, Messiah College is sponsoring a workshop for educators and clergy that is designed:
  • To acquaint teachers with important aspects of the history of the controversy about evolution, creationism, and public education, including the Scopes trial, the “intelligent design” movement, and events in the Dover school district
  • To help teachers meet the expectations of the new Science & Technology standards, especially those related to the Nature of Science, Inquiry and Design, Biological Sciences, and Physical Science, Chemistry, and Physics
  • To help teachers meet the expectations of the new Environment & Ecology standards, especially those related to Ecosystems and their Interactions
  • To provide teachers with a basic understanding of biological evolution and the “big bang” theory
  • To help teachers understand the diversity of religious views that Americans hold concerning evolution and the “big bang” theory
Teachers who complete the workshop will receive 30 hours of continuing education applicable to Act 48 requirements.

Details: The workshop will be held on the campus of Messiah College in Grantham, Pennsylvania, during the week of June 27-July 1, 2005. Sessions will run from 8:30 am until 4:00 pm, with a 90-minute lunch break and regular coffee breaks. Precise campus location TBA. For additional details about the specific subject content of the workshop, see below.

Audience: The intended audience is high school science teachers, including teachers from private schools. Clergy of all faiths are also encouraged to attend. Others with an interest in the subject, including college faculty and members of the general public, will be admitted as space allows.

Registration: A non-refundable registration fee of $65 (reduced to $50 for early registrants) will be charged. Tuition, books, and lunches for participants are covered by the grant. See the link to the printable registration form above. On the first day of the course, each participant will receive two books: Edward J. Larson, Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (1997), winner of the Pulitzer Prize in History; and Karl W. Giberson and Donald A. Yerxa, Species of Origins: America’s Search for a Creation Story (2002).

Workshop faculty: The workshop director, Dr. Ted Davis, is Distinguished Professor of the History of Science at Messiah College. Known internationally for his scholarship on the history of religion and science, his recent works include a complete edition of The Works of Robert Boyle, 14 vols. (London, 1999-2000), the entry on “Creationism” in The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science, ed. John L. Heilbron (Oxford University Press, 2003), and an article on “Science and Religious Fundamentalism in the 1920s” in the latest issue of American Scientist (May-June 2005). Dr. Davis has spoken at numerous American and European universities, including Cornell, Harvard, MIT, Oxford, Penn, and Princeton; at a public forum on evolution and the schools sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, DC; and in various churches. His article on the “intelligent design”movement was a cover story for The Christian Century magazine, and a British Broadcasting Company radio program based on his study of modern Jonah stories had four million listeners. With support from the National Science Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation, he is currently writing a book about the religious beliefs of prominent American scientists from the period of the Scopes trial. A former high school science and mathematics teacher who now teaches the history of science, Dr. Davis is very interested in both secondary science and social studies teaching.

Dr. Robin Collins, Associate Professor of Philosophy, has research interests in the relationship of physics and religion, on which subject he has spoken at several major universities, including Yale, Baylor, and the Università Cattolica in Milan. He received the B.S. from Washington State University, whose faculty named him the outstanding student in physics in his junior and senior years, and went on to do graduate work under John Wheeler in theoretical physics at the University of Texas. His doctoral dissertation in philosophy at the University of Notre Dame received the Graduate Student Award in the Humanities for outstanding research, teaching, and publication; he then did post-doctoral research in the philosophy of science at Northwestern University. In numerous scholarly articles, he has examined how the fundamental findings of cosmology and physics relate to the existence of God. This winter he was an invited speaker at a symposium on the multiuniverse hypothesis at Stanford University, which brought in fifteen of the world’s leading physicists and cosmologists. His current project is a book tentatively entitled, The Well-Tempered Universe: God, Cosmic Fine-Tuning, and the Laws of Nature.

Dr. David Foster, Assistant Professor of Biology and Environmental Science, has traveled the world teaching in natural history courses–from Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands, to the US Desert Southwest, the Pacific Northwest, the Jungles of Belize and Guatemala, and the temperate forests of New Zealand. Reared in the Northern Wisconsin hills along the south shore of Lake Superior, he has always loved the outdoors; by the time he was in college, he had spent more than three years living outside, under the open sky. After completing a B.S. in Biology at Eastern College, he earned an M.S. in Conservation Biology and Sustainable Development and a Ph.D. in Botany from the University of Wisconsin. For six years he has taught biology and environmental science at Messiah College, where he also serves as Director of the Oakes Museum of Natural History. Dr. Foster is extensively involved with the AuSable Institute of Environmental Studies (www.ausable.org) and the Creation Care Studies Program (www.creationcsp.org). The uniting themes throughout Dr. Foster’s adventures are exploration of the natural world and teaching about its wonders.

Dr. Sandra Holmes, Associate Professor of Education and Biological Sciences, earned a B.S. in Natural Sciences and a B.A. in Elementary Education at Eastern Washington University, where she also completed an M.A. in Science Education while teaching sixth grade. Her doctoral dissertation in Science Education at the University of Idaho was given the Outstanding Dissertation Award for Instruction by the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Nationally recognized for her expertise in all aspects of science education, Dr. Holmes has been a consultant for many states and local school districts. She is currently supervising the multi-disciplinary research team responsible for the crater science component of the NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center that is studying Iturralde Crater in the Amazon Basin of Bolivia.

Dr. James Makowski, Professor of Biology, earned a B.S. in Biology from Messiah College, an M.A. in Biology from West Chester University, and a Ph.D. in Science education (Genetics emphasis) from the University of Delaware. He was named the Robert Stegner outstanding science educator at the University of Delaware in 1990. He has taught biology and genetics at Messiah for 21 years, and has recently chaired “Project Inquiry,” a curriculum for first year science students emphasizing an investigative, inter-disciplinary, inquiry-based approach to science education. Dr. Makowski is an international consultant in the identification of animal protein products as a means of containing the spread of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease). His current research examines the relationship between science and scripture, with specific emphasis on creation and evolution. In this connection he is designing a curriculum which will allow high school science teachers to present creation and evolution topics in a manner that avoids creating a “win-lose” scenario for the students.

Main course texts, distributed at registration, are: Edward J. Larson, Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate Over Science and Religion (Harvard University Press, 1997), winner of the Pulitzer Prize in History; and Karl W. Giberson and Donald A. Yerxa, Species of Origins: America’s Search for a Creation Story (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002).

Evaluation: Teachers who wish to receive hours applicable to Act 48 requirements must submit a written statement to Dr. Davis no later than Friday, July 29. The statement must indicate which parts of the workshop the teacher will incorporate into their own teaching, and outline clearly how the information in those parts will be used.

Comments from participants in last year’s workshop, quoted with permission:

A balanced, humble and fair approach presented by experts in History of Science, Evolutionary Biology and Philosophy made me feel very privileged...
–Dr. Samuel Olson, Ph.D., teaches chemistry, physics, and mathematics at a high school in Norway

I loved the tour of the Oakes Museum with Dr. Foster. It is a wonderful local resource.
–Ms. Cheryl Holquist, biology teacher, Carlisle (PA) Senior High School

The workshop was a very good experience with stimulating discussion led by well-versed and distinguished speakers. It was well worth the time and effort spent.
–Anonymous, principal of a private religious high school in Pennsylvania

In my sixth grade life science class, evolution is mentioned often in the textbook as it covered plant and animal adaptations. In the coming year, I plan to spend more time talking about Charles Darwin and his discoveries at the beginning of the year. This will help lay a foundation for the rest of the year. I will pull information from the notes I took...
–Anonymous, teacher of elementary and middle school science at an Episcopal school in Pennsylvania

My overall evaluation of the workshop is very high, 9 out of 10. I was excited to return each day...
–Mr. Jason Pletcher, Program Learning Center, Waynesboro, PA

One of the benchmarks in Science in High School is to develop the ability to evaluate change in nature, physical systems, and man-made systems. The focus on various theories of origins in the cosmos and in biological life was very relevant to helping teachers help students reach that benchmark.
–Mr. Kenneth (Max) Maxwell, curriculum designer, Harrisburg, PA

Workshop Outline

This is a preliminary course outline. The final version will be distributed to participants at the workshop. All dates refer to the week of June 27-July 1, 2005. Sessions end at 4:00 each day. For further information, contact Dr. Ted Davis: tdavis@messiah.edu, 717-766-2511, ext 6840 (voice/messages), 717-691-6002 (fax)

Date
Topics/activities
Faculty
Monday 8:30 Registration and refreshments

 
  9:00 Introduction of all participants

 
  10:00 Charles Darwin and the voyage of HMS Beagle

The personal story of Charles Darwin–his background, education, and extraordinary voyage around the world on HMS Beagle. Illustrated with slides.
Davis
  1:00

Darwin, Malthus, and the Origin of Species

How Darwin used ideas from political economy to formulate his theory of natural selection, and how he presented his argument in the Origin of Species. The scientific and philosophical objections of his contemporaries are also discussed.

Davis
  2:45 A visit to the Oakes Museum of Natural History

Our tour will introduce you to a splendid teaching resource for area schools.

Foster
Tuesday 8:30 Galapagos–A Natural History Odyssey

Come experience the natural history of the Galapagos Islands from the eyes of one who has been there. Dr. David Foster will share from his personal experiences at the places Darwin saw, the animals and plants he saw and present this in the context of how the Galapagos Islands were formed, why islands have often played important inspirational roles in scientific discovery and how scientists have dealt with their Galapagos observations in light of conflicting but not mutually exclusive theories to explain them.

Foster
  1:30 Island Biogeography and Evolution: A Lizard's Tale

A classroom activity, based on lizards living on the Canary Islands; involving multiple independent lines of evidence; uses the website, "Learning From the Fossil Record"
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/

Holmes
Wednesday 8:30 Natural Selection - A Cumulative Process

A classroom activity, based on article by Werner Heim, "Natural Selection Among Playing Cards," American Biology Teacher (April 2002): 276-278.

Holmes
  9:45 Theory Choices: What Happened to Dinosaurs?

A classroom activity, based on the following articles: Walter Alvarez and Frank Asaro, "An Extraterrestrial Impact," Scientific American (Oct 1990): 78-84; Vincent Courtillot, "A Volcanic Eruption," Scientific American (Oct 1990): 85-92; Edwin Dobb, "What Wiped Out the Dinosaurs," Scientific American (June 2002): 36-43; Alvarez, Asaro and Courtillot, "Debate: What Caused the Mass Extinction?" Scientific American (Oct 1990): 76-92; Jim Robbins, "The Real Jurrassic Park," Discover (March 1991); Tom Waters, "Cretaceous Splashdown," Discover (Sept 1990); Tom Waters, "The Dinosaur Acid Test," Discover (Feb 1990)

Holmes
  1:30 American religion and science before Bryan

Drawing on the book he is writing, Dr. Davis will summarize American debates about natural history in the period before the Scopes trial, stressing the ways in which Americans related their religious beliefs to new ideas in geology and biology. Powerpoint presentation.

Davis
  2:30 William Jennings Bryan and the Scopes trial.

Why did Bryan oppose the teaching of evolution in public schools? What actually happened at the Scopes trial? This lecture, illustrated with slides, addresses these important historical questions–which remain important for understanding the issues today.

Davis
  6:30 (Optional session) A Showing to the 90-min film, "Monkey Trial," from the PBS series "American Experience"

This film provides an accurate, comprehensive view of evenst in Dayton, Tennessee.
 
Thursday 8:30 Religious interpretations of science in modern America

In a multi-part lecture/discussion, we will examine six religious interpretations of modern science that are held by many Americans. These include scientific atheism, the NOMA view (science and religion as "non-overlapping magisteria"), two types of creationism (young earth and old earth), theistic evolution, and "intelligent design." Books, videos, and other materials representative of each position will be exhibited, and the basic assumptions and attitudes characteristic of each position will be clearly delineated. This unit is vital for understanding the beliefs of students and their families.


Davis
  1:00 Film, "Unlocking the Mystery of Life," with discussion

This 65-minute film, featuring advocates of “intelligent design,” provides a short history of the movement and an introduction to key ideas associated with the movement. We will discuss the film and offer specific comments on the situation in Dover, Pennsylvania.
Davis and Makowski
  3:00 Presentation of research on the teaching of evolution in Central Pennsylvania schools, with suggestions about how to teach these issues effectively Makowski
 Friday 8:30 A Short History of Cosmology, from Steady State Theory to Inflationary Cosmology

An historical survey of the scientific understanding of our universe during the twentieth century, starting with the steady state theory and general relativity, then moving on to the standard big bang theory. We end with inflationary cosmology, the most recent hypothesis regarding the origin of the universe. We focus on the underlying scientific motivations for these theories, along with gaining a basic, non-technical, conceptual understanding of each.

Collins
  9:30 Fine-tuning and the Anthropic Principle

First we discuss the claim that the laws of physics are balanced on a razor's edge–that is, "fine-tuned" for the existence of life. Then we look at the evidence for this claim.

Collins
  10:45 Recent Developments: the Many-universes Hypothesis and Superstring Theory

We begin the process of putting these scientific theories and discoveries into philosophical and theological perspective. We start by surveying the three major initial philosophical and theological responses to the fine-tuning: (1) the anthropic principle (both weak and strong); (2) the hypothesis that there are many universes; and (3) the explanation of the fine-tuning in terms of providence. We then focus on the many-universes hypothesis, particularly on the version arising out of the currently popular inflationary cosmology and superstring theory.

Collins
  1:30 Philosophical and Theological Perspectives

We explore the merits and demerits of various philosophical and theological understandings of the new cosmology, fine-tuning, and the many-universe hypothesis. A specific question that we will focus on is whether or not the recent discoveries and theories of physics and cosmology point toward or away from the idea that God designed the universe.
Collins
  2:45 Final Discussion: questions and comments. All Course Staff
 

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