CHEM 338 Syllabus Spring, 2007
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II (4 credits)
Instructor: Dr. Norman Shank
Office: Jordan 358, e-mail: nshank@messiah.edu, Phone: 2590
Lecture Objectives:
1. To apply thermodynamic principles to phase equilibria.
2. To study the basic atomic and molecular models used to explain chemical systems.
3. To test these models against experimental facts.
4. To use models to calculate physical quantities for chemical systems.
Laboratory Objectives:
1. To perform experiments which demonstrate topics from both CHEM 337 and CHEM 338.
2. To gain experience and skill with instruments and techniques used by physical chemists.
3. To critically evaluate experimental results, and determine the precision of those results.
Texts:
1. Ball, David W. Physical Chemistry, Brooks/Cole, 2003.
2. Physical Chemistry II Laboratory Manual, Messiah College, 2007.
Lecture Topics. . . Sections in Text
1. Phase transitions in single-component systems . . . 6.1 – 6.3
2. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation . . . . . . 6.4 – 6.5
3. The Phase Rule and diagrams for single-component systems 6.6 – 6.8
4. The Phase Rule for multiple-component systems . . . 7.1 – 7.2
5. Liquid-vapor equilibria of solutions . . . . . . 7.3 – 7.5
6. Solid-liquid equilibria of binary systems . . . . . 7.6 – 7.7
7. Colligative properties . . . . . . . . . 7.8 – 7.9
8. Characteristics of models; the need for quantum mechanics . 9.1 – 9.2a; 9.3 – 9.6; 9.10 – 9.11
9. Characteristics of the quantum mechanical model . . . 10.1 – 10.7
10. The particle-in-a-box problem . . . . . . . 10.8 – 10.13
11. Harmonic oscillators . . . . . . . . . 11.1 – 11.5
12. Rigid rotors . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 – 11.8
13. The central force problem . . . . . . . . 11.9 – 11.10
14. Hydrogen atom orbitals . . . . . . . . 11.11 – 11.12
15. Spin and the Pauli Principle . . . . . . . 12.1 – 12.4
16. Multielectron atoms . . . . . . . . . 12.5 – 12.10
17. Molecular orbitals for diatomic molecules . . . . 12.11 – 12.14
18. Molecular symmetry . . . . . . . . . 13.1 – 13.4
19. Character tables . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 – 13.7
20. Using symmetry to construct molecular orbitals . . . 13.8 – 13.9
21. Valence bond theory . . . . . . . . . 13.10 – 13.12
22. Interaction between light and molecules . . . . . 14.1 – 14.3
23. Rotational spectroscopy . . . . . . . . 14.4 – 14.7
24. Vibrational spectroscopy . . . . . . . . 14.8 – 14.12
25. Symmetry of vibrations . . . . . . . . 14.13 – 14.15
26. IR and Raman spectroscopy . . . . . . . 14.16 – 14.19
27. Electron levels and term symbols . . . . . . 15.1 – 15.5
28. Electronic spectra . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 – 15.8
29. Emission of light . . . . . . . . . . 15.11
30. Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.12 – 15.13
Laboratory:
Working in pairs, students will perform one laboratory experiment per week, in an order assigned by the instructor. An individual report from each student is due one week later.
Each experiment is to be performed carefully, and as accurately as possible with the techniques and equipment provided. A notebook should be kept in the lab at all times to record all measurements, observations, and variations in procedure. A loose‑leaf report of each experiment is to be submitted to the instructor the following week. This report should include a photocopy of the original data. Further details of report writing are given in the lab manual.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Critical Point of a Gas
2. Viscosity of Polymer Solutions
3. Binary Liquid-Vapor Phase Diagram
4. Thermodynamics of a Solution Reaction
5. Chemical Equilibrium in Solution
6. Electrochemical Analysis
7. Light and Molecules
8. Chemical Kinetics: A Study of Initial Rates
9. Adsorption from Solution
10. Infrared Spectroscopy
Library Assignment: This assignment is due May 7, 2007.
In the Journal of Physical Chemistry, issues dated 1995 to 2007, find seven original research articles in which a laser was used for part of the experimental work. For each article report:
1. Complete title of the article
2. Volume, date, and page numbers for the article.
3. Kind of laser used
4. Wavelength(s) of light produced by the laser, in units of nanometers (nm)
5. Visible light has wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). Identify each wavelength as ultraviolet, visible, or infrared. Does this wavelength excite electrons, vibrations, or rotations?
Lasers are often used in experimental work, instead of other types of lamps, for one or more of the following reasons:
a. Laser light has a very narrow spectral bandwidth.
b. Laser light is coherent.
c. Lasers can give a higher intensity of light than other lamps.
d. Lasers can give a light pulse of very short duration.
6. For two of the articles found above, write a paragraph describing how the laser was used, and why it was used instead of another lamp. Refer to one or more of the reasons listed above.
Writing Objectives for CHEM 338 Physical Chemistry II
Physical Chemistry II is one of the Major Writing courses for the Chemistry Major. Through writing up experiments performed in the CHEM 338 lab, students will learn to:
1. Describe the work they have performed in the lab in the passive voice. (This is standard practice in the Journal of Physical Chemistry.)
2. Carry an argument through from the given information to a logical conclusion.
3. Use correct grammar to construct logical sentences.
4. Distinguish between dependent clauses used as modifiers and independent clauses that stand alone.